Uso da máscara laríngea descartável em adenotonsilectomias / The use of disposable laryngeal mask airway for adenotonsillectomies / Uso de la mascarilla laríngea desechable en adenotonsilectomías

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A intubação traqueal associada a operações das vias aéreas faz com que complicações como laringoespasmo, broncoespasmo e períodos de redução da saturação de oxigênio sejam frequentemente relatados em adenotonsilectomias, procedimento que, por sua natureza, eleva a incidência de tais complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ocorrência de problemas respiratórios comparando-se o uso da máscara laríngea (ML) descartável com a intubação orotraqueal em adenotonsilectomias. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 204 pacientes pediátricos submetidos a anestesia geral para adenotonsilectomias e alocados em dois grupos, aleatoriamente: grupo Cânula Traqueal (CT, n = 100) e grupo Máscara Laríngea (ML, n = 104). Foram observados os níveis de saturação de pulso de oxigênio (SpO2) após a indução anestésica (SpO2-1), após o estabelecimento de campo operatório (SpO2-2), ao término do procedimento cirúrgico (SpO2-3), três minutos após a retirada do dispositivo respiratório (SpO2-4) e na admissão da sala de recuperação anestésica (SpO2-5). As complicações respiratórias foram relatadas. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios e os desvios padrão de SpO2 nos grupos CT e ML foram, respectivamente: SpO2-1: 98,9 ± 1,0 e 98,7 ± 0,8 (p > 0,25); SpO2-2: 97,4 ± 1,0 e 94,9 ± 4,3 (p < 0,001); SpO2-3: 96,9 ± 1,1 e 97,2 ± 1,1 (p = 0,037); SpO2-4: 91,7 ± 9,0 e 95,2 ± 2,2 (p < 0,001); SpO2-5: 94,0 ± 2,1 e 95,8 ± 2,6 (p < 0,001). No grupo ML, em 12 pacientes, foi necessária alguma manobra para ajuste do dispositivo e correção de vazamento durante o ato operatório. A ML foi substituída pela CT em quatro pacientes. As complicações respiratórias foram similares entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Adenotonsilectomias em pacientes pediátricos com o emprego da ML, em comparação com a CT, resulta em menores valores de SpO2 intraoperatórios e, eventualmente, necessidade de substituição da ML pela CT. Apesar de a ML viabilizar a cirurgia, pela segurança, o uso da CT é preferível.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tracheal intubation associated with airway operations can cause complications such as laryngospasm, bronchospasm and periods of reduced oxygen saturation. Such complications are frequently reported during adenotonsillectomies, a procedure that by nature increases the incidence of airway complications. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of respiratory problems during adenotonsillectomies while using either a disposable laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or an endotracheal tube (TT). METHODS: We evaluated 204 pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for adenotonsillectomies. The patients were randomly allocated into either the tracheal intubation group (TT, n = 100) or the laryngeal mask airway group (LMA, n = 104). It was measured the level of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) after the induction of anesthesia (SpO2-1), after establishing the operative field (SpO2-2), at the end of the surgical procedure (SpO2-3), three minutes after the removal of the contained breathing apparatus (SpO2-4) and upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (SpO2-5). All respiratory complications were recorded. RESULTS: The mean SpO2 values and standard deviations for the TT and LMA groups were as follows: SpO2-1: 98.9 ± 1.0 and 98.7 ± 0.8 (p > 0.25), SpO2-2: 97.4 ± 1.0 and 94.9 ± 4.3 (p < 0.001), SpO2-3: 96.9 ± 1.1 and 97.2 ± 1.1 (p = 0.037), SpO2-4: 91.7 ± 9.0 and 95.2 ± 2.2 (p < 0.001) and SpO2-5: 94.0 ± 2.1 and 95.8 ± 2.6 (p < 0.001), respectively. In the LMA group, 12 patients required some maneuvering to fix positioning and leaks during surgery. In four patients, the LMA had to be replaced with a TT. Respiratory complications were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Performing adenotonsillectomies in pediatric patients using a LMA resulted in a lower intraoperative SpO2, compared to using a TT. In some cases, the LMA had to be replaced with an endotracheal tube. Although the surgery may be performed with LMA, the use of a TT is preferred for safety.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La intubación traqueal asociada con las operaciones de las vías aéreas hace con que complicaciones como el laringoespasmo, el broncoespasmo y los períodos de reducción de la saturación de oxígeno sean a menudo relatados en adenotonsilectomías, procedimiento que, por su naturaleza, eleva la incidencia de tales complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio, fue analizar la aparición de problemas respiratorios comparándose el uso de la mascarilla laríngea (ML) desechable con la intubación orotraqueal en adenotonsilectomías. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron 204 pacientes pediátricos sometidos a la anestesia general para las adenotonsilectomías que se dividieron en dos grupos aleatoriamente: grupo Cánula Traqueal (CT, n = 100) y grupo Mascarilla Laríngea (ML, n = 104). Se observaron los niveles de saturación de pulso de oxígeno (SpO2) después de la inducción anestésica (SpO2-1), posteriormente al establecimiento del campo operatorio (SpO2-2), al término del procedimiento quirúrgico (SpO2-3), tres minutos después de la retirada del dispositivo respiratorio (SpO2-4) y a la llegada a la sala de recuperación anestésica (SpO2-5). Las complicaciones respiratorias se relataron. RESULTADOS: Los valores promedios y las desviaciones estándar de SpO2 en los grupos CT y ML fueron, respectivamente: SpO2-1: 98,9 ± 1,0 y 98,7 ± 0,8 (p > 0,25); SpO2-2: 97,4 ± 1,0 y 94,9 ± 4,3 (p < 0,001); SpO2-3: 96,9 ± 1,1 y 97,2 ± 1,1 (p = 0,037); SpO2-4: 91,7 ± 9,0 y 95,2 ± 2,2 (p < 0,001); SpO2-5: 94,0 ± 2,1 y 95,8 ± 2,6 (p < 0,001). En el grupo ML, en 12 pacientes, se necesitó alguna maniobra para el ajuste del dispositivo y para la corrección del escape durante la operación. La ML se remplazó por la CT en cuatro pacientes. Las complicaciones respiratorias fueron similares entre los grupos. CONCLUSIONES: La realización de adenotonsilectomías en pacientes pediátricos con el uso de la ML, en comparación con la CT, acarrea menores valores de SpO2 intraoperatorios y eventualmente la necesidad de sustitución de la ML por la CT. A pesar de que la ML viabiliza la realización de la cirugía, en razón de la seguridad, se prefiere el uso de la CT.

The use of disposable laryngeal mask airway for adenotonsillectomies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tracheal intubation associated with airway operations can cause complications such as laryngospasm, bronchospasm and periods of reduced oxygen saturation. Such complications are frequently reported during adenotonsillectomies, a procedure that by nature increases the incidence of airway complications. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of respiratory problems during adenotonsillectomies while using either a disposable laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or an endotracheal tube (TT). METHODS: We evaluated 204 pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for adenotonsillectomies. The patients were randomly allocated into either the tracheal intubation group (TT, n=100) or the laryngeal mask airway group (LMA, n=104). It was measured the level of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) after the induction of anesthesia (SpO(2)-1), after establishing the operative field (SpO(2)-2), at the end of the surgical procedure (SpO(2)-3), three minutes after the removal of the contained breathing apparatus (SpO(2)-4) and upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (SpO(2)-5). All respiratory complications were recorded. RESULTS: The mean SpO(2) values and standard deviations for the TT and LMA groups were as follows: SpO(2)-1: 98.9±1.0 and 98.7±0.8 (p>0.25), SpO(2)-2: 97.4±1.0 and 94.9±4.3 (p<0.001), SpO(2)-3: 96.9±1.1 and 97.2±1.1 (p=0.037), SpO(2)-4: 91.7±9.0 and 95.2±2.2 (p<0.001) and SpO(2)-5: 94.0±2.1 and 95.8±2.6 (p<0.001), respectively. In the LMA group, 12 patients required some maneuvering to fix positioning and leaks during surgery. In four patients, the LMA had to be replaced with a TT. Respiratory complications were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Performing adenotonsillectomies in pediatric patients using a LMA resulted in a lower intraoperative SpO(2), compared to using a TT. In some cases, the LMA had to be replaced with an endotracheal tube. Although the surgery may be performed with LMA, the use of a TT is preferred for safety.

Assessing the impact adenotonsilectomy has on the lives of children with hypertrophy of palatine and pharyngeal tonsils.

UNLABELLED: The hypertrophy of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils is extremely common in children, being one of the most frequent causes of visits to otolaryngologists and such problem can impair the child's quality of life. AIM: to evaluate the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the lives of children with hypertrophied tonsils. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contemporary longitudinal cohort study. A specific questionnaire used to evaluate the quality of life - OSD-6, was given to seventy five parents or guardians of children previously submitted to adenotonsillectomy, before the surgery and thirty days afterwards. RESULTS: The adenotonsillectomy provided a significant reduction in the questionnaire score. DISCUSSION: Snoring and nasal obstruction were the symptoms with the highest scores. There is a great concern from the parents with the snoring of the children and a poor statistic correlation between the degree of obstruction degree and a worse quality of life. CONCLUSION: Adenotonsillectomy causes a relevant impact in the quality of life of children with tonsil hypertrophy.

Avaliação do impacto da adenotonsilectomia sobre a qualidade de vida em crianças com hipertrofia das tonsilas palatinas e faríngeas / Assessing the impact adenotonsilectomy has on the lives of children with hypertrophy of palatine and pharyngeal tonsils

A hipertrofia das tonsilas palatinas e faríngeas é extremamente comum na infância, sendo um dos problemas mais freqüentes do consultório do otorrinolaringologista, podendo prejudicar a qualidade de vida das crianças. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da adenotonsilectomia sobre a qualidade de vida das crianças que apresentam aumento do volume das tonsilas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte contemporâneo longitudinal. Foi aplicado a setenta e cinco pais ou responsáveis por crianças submetidas a adenotonsilectomia um questionário específico para a avaliação da qualidade de vida, OSD-6, antes do procedimento cirúrgico e trinta dias após. RESULTADOS: A adenotonsilectomia proporcionou significativa diminuição na pontuação obtida no questionário. DISCUSSÃO: Ronco e a obstrução nasal foram os sintomas responsáveis pelas maiores pontuações nos questionários. Existe grande preocupação dos pais com o ronco das crianças e pobre correlação estatística entre o grau de obstrução e a pior qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: A adenotonsilectomia apresenta impacto relevante na qualidade de vida das crianças com hipertrofia das tonsilas.

The hypertrophy of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils is extremely common in children, being one of the most frequent causes of visits to otolaryngologists and such problem can impair the child's quality of life. AIM: to evaluate the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the lives of children with hypertrophied tonsils. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contemporary longitudinal cohort study. A specific questionnaire used to evaluate the quality of life - OSD-6, was given to seventy five parents or guardians of children previously submitted to adenotonsillectomy, before the surgery and thirty days afterwards. RESULTS: The adenotonsillectomy provided a significant reduction in the questionnaire score. DISCUSSION: Snoring and nasal obstruction were the symptoms with the highest scores. There is a great concern from the parents with the snoring of the children and a poor statistic correlation between the degree of obstruction degree and a worse quality of life. CONCLUSION: Adenotonsillectomy causes a relevant impact in the quality of life of children with tonsil hypertrophy.